Which method is commonly used to detect radioactive contamination?

The Geiger-Muller counter is commonly used to detect radioactive contamination due to its ability to measure ionizing radiation, including alpha and beta particles as well as gamma radiation. This instrument functions by detecting the radiation's interaction with gas in its sensing tube, causing ionization that produces measurable electrical pulses.

It is favored for its ease of use, portability, and effectiveness in providing immediate readings of radiation levels, making it an essential tool in environments where safety from radioactive exposure is a concern. Its design allows for both audible and visual indicators of radiation presence, which assists operators in quickly identifying hazardous situations.

In contrast, the other methods mentioned, such as infrared spectroscopy, gas chromatography, and liquid chromatography, are techniques used for analyzing chemical substances rather than measuring radiation. These methods focus on the identification and quantification of chemical compounds, and while they are invaluable in various fields of science and industry, they are not suitable for detecting radioactive contamination.

The specificity of the Geiger-Muller counter for radiation detection distinguishes it as the most appropriate choice in this context.